聽力原文： Presenter: Welcome to this presentation on scholarships and funding. If you are hoping for help with funding your studies in the UK, you need to get working on this as soon as you can—it is almost impossible to make arrangements for financial support once you have left your own country. Start by enquiring with your own Ministry of Education or Department of Education. Your local British Council office can provide details of awards available including those offered by UK institutions themselves. You'll also find information and a scholarships database on their website. The main scholarship schemes available for international students include British Education Scholarships, Commonwealth Scholarships, Foreign Office Scholarships and Overseas Students Research Awards.

British Education Scholarships are prestigious awards enabling talented

international students to study in the UK at postgraduate level. Only students Q31

studying for at least one academic year are eligible. About 2000 new

scholarships are currently awarded each year and there are plans to expand

the programme further. There are three types of scholarship. The first is a full

award, where all the fees, a living allowance and travel to and from the UK

are paid for. Then there is a fees-only award, where all or part of the fees are Q32

paid. Finally, there is a partial award, where a combination of the fees and

the allowances are paid. The value of the scholarship will vary, depending

on the type of award, the length of the course and the country from which

the student comes, but it is up to a maximum of ￡20000. Contact the British Q33

Council or the British Embassy in your own country for details. You must be

resident in your home country when you apply.

Commonwealth Scholarships are awards mainly for postgraduate study,

although funding for undergraduate study may be possible if there are no

suitable undergraduate courses in your home country. You must be a citizen

of a Commonwealth country, including the UK. A university degree, or

equivalent, is usually required. Apply to the British Council office in your Q34

country. You must be resident in your own country when you apply. About

3000 of these scholarships are awarded each year and their value ranges from

￡5000 to ￡15000. Q35

Foreign Office Scholarships are a joint initiative by the Foreign Office

and certain UK higher education institutions. The awards are normally given

for taught postgraduate courses. In rare cases, an award may be made for Q36

undergraduate study if the course is not available at an institution in your

home country. They are funded by the Foreign Office and participating UK

higher education institutions. You must normally be under 35 of age. You

must be resident in a developing country, and you must not be currently

employed by your government or by an international organisation. You Q37

should be planning to study a subject related to development and be fluent Q38

in English. Apply directly to one of the participating institutions. You can

ask for a list of participating institutions from the British Embassy in your

country or your local British Council office. Only about 500 of these awards

are made each year and their value ranges from ￡7000 to ￡12000.

Overseas Students Research Awards are awards for full-time

postgraduate study, for a period of one year. They make up the difference

between home and overseas students' fees. They are funded by the Ministry Q39

of Education. You mus

聽力原文： Speaker: Welcome to this presentation on travel opportunities within the

UK. If, like most international students, you want to take some time to travel

around the UK while you are here, there is a lot to see and explore, such as

the capital cities of London, Edinburgh, Cardiff and Belfast; other major cities, Q11

such as Birmingham and Manchester; historic cities, such as Oxford,

Cambridge, York, and Bath; famous natural sites, such as the white cliffs of

Dover in England, the Giant's Causeway in Northern Ireland, Loch Ness in

Scotland and the mountainous scenery in Wales, Scotland, and England's

Lake District and Peak District. There are also hundreds of miles of coastal

paths all around the UK, as well as hundreds of national parks, historical Q12

sites, stately homes and other attractions. Q13

There are also numerous special events and seasonal attractions that

are well worth a visit. In February, for example, look for Chinese New Year

celebrations in London and other cities with large Chinese communities. If

you are thinking of going walking in the Welsh border area, go in late May

or early June and you can also take in the Hay-on-Wye Festival of Literatrue. Q14

Travel to London on the August Bank Holiday to join in the revelry Q15

at the Notting Hill Carnival, a celebration of Caribbean culture. Or head in

the opposite direction, to Edinburgh, in August or September to experience

the superb musical and theatrical performances of the renowned Edinburgh Q16

Festival—and the cutting-edge comedy of the Fringe Festival. Then carry on

up to Braemar in early September to watch the Highland Games: displays of

Scottish Highland dancing and bagpipe-playing together with some very un-

usual and strenuous athletic events.

For further information about the wealth of sights awaiting you in the

UK, search on the Internet, especially www. visitbritain.com, or consult the

travel guides that are available in the library. Also, check with the students'

union to see whether there are any special trips being organised. There is also

a Tourist Information Centre in this city. The address is 13 Wardrock Place. Q17

Now, a few words about getting around. Because the UK is relatively

compact, the national railway network, national coach network and local bus

services link most locations. In addition to the usual range of ticket options, a

variety of special travel passes are available. These can be economical if you

want to do quite a lot of travel within a limited time period—for example,

unlimited coach travel in Wales over an eight-day period. For further information,

see the websites and contact details given on page 5 of the notes you Q18

received as you came in. A word of advice: hitchhiking is legal in the UK, Q19

but it is a risky way to travel and we recommend you avoid it. If you must

hitchhike, then never hitchhike alone—take a friend with you. As a precaution,

leave details of your destination and itinerary with a friend or someone

at your institution.

Now, let's turn to travel accommodation. The following are all fairly

inexpensive places to stay when you are travelling around the UK. First,

there are youth hostels. They are good value for money, although the facilities

can be fairly basic and you usually have to share a room with several

other people. Second, it's worth bearing in mind that university and college

halls of residence rooms are often available to tourists

聽力原文： Lecturer: Welcome to this presentation on Prairie Dogs. You can see a picture of these rather cute animals on this slide. As you can see, they are about the size of a rabbit and they have a brown or clay-coloured coat with black-tipped hairs and a black-tipped tail. The underside of the prairie dog is a light tan colour. They have short legs and sharp claws to help them dig their homes. Their bodies are 12-15 inches long with a 3-4 inch tail and they weigh 2-4 pounds.

I've been interested in these animals for a long time and would like to talk about a remarkable discovery. The barks of prairie dogs have distinct, individual meanings. Prairie dogs have different "words" for tall human in yellow shirt, short human in green shirt, coyote, deer, red-tailed hawk and many other creatures. They can even coin new terms for things they've never seen before, independently coming up with the same calls or words, according to research done over two decades by a professor from Arizona University, who can now not only call himself a biology professor, but also a prairie dog linguist.

Prairie dogs of the Gunnison's species, which were studied intensely, actually speak different dialects in Arizona and in Colorado, but they would probably understand one another, research indicates. So far, this is believed to be...or prairie dogs appear to be demonstrating, the most sophisticated communication system that anyone has shown in animals. Prairie dog chatter is variously described by observers as a series of yips, high-pitched barks or eeks. And most scientists think prairie dogs simply make Sounds that reflect their inner condition. That means all they're saying are things like "ouch" or "hungry" or "eek." But we now know that prairie dogs are communicating detailed information to one another about what animals are showing up in their colonies, and maybe even gossiping.

Linguists have set five criteria that must be met for something to qualify as language: It must contain words with abstract meanings; possess syntax in which the order of words is part of their meaning; have the ability to coin new words; be composed of smaller elements; and use words separated in space and time from what they represent. The American researchers focussed their efforts on these five criteria to see if prairie dogs use a language, as defined by human linguists, or not. Work was done in the field and in a laboratory. With digital recorders, they recorded the calls prairie dogs make as they see different people, dogs and other animals of different sizes and with different coat colours, such as hawks and elk. They then analysed the sounds using a computer that dissects the underlying structure and creates a sonogram, or visual representation of the sound. Computer analysis later identifies the similarities and differences.

The prairie dogs have calls for various predators but also for elk, deer, antelope and cows. It's as if they're trying to inform. one another what's out there. So far, the researchers have recorded at least twenty different "words." Some of those words or calls were created by the prairie dogs when they saw something for the first time. Four prairie dogs in the lab were shown a great-horned owl and European ferret, two animals they had almost certainly not seen before, if only because the owls are mostly nocturnal and this kind of ferret is foreign. The prairie dogs independently came up with the same new calls. In the field, black plywood cut-outs showing the silhouette of a coyote, a skunk and a circular shape were randomly run along a wire through the prairie dog colony. Now, there are no black ovals running around out there and yet they all had the same word for black circle. The researchers believe that prairie dogs are genetically programmed with some vocabulary and the ability to describe things.

The researchers then played back a recorded prairie dog a

聽力原文： Presenter: Welcome to this short--and you have my word, it will be short!--presentation on the conference and meeting facilities available at the Construction Education Centre. The Construction Education Centre is the established focal point for many major activities connected with building materials, construction, architecture and design--and even some activities outside those areas. For almost seventy years it has remained at the heart of the industry and today plays host to many important events, receiving over 100,000 visitors, trainees and delegates throughout the year. The Construction Education Centre provides the perfect venue for a wide range of business, educational and social functions including: conferences, seminars, meetings, special events, product launches and press events, exhibitions, presentations, lectures and training classes. Our team of experienced personnel is on hand to ensure your event runs smoothly and our aim is to remove the normal worries and concerns from function organisers so that events are both cost-effective and anxiety-free. Some our recent clients include Design for Homes, the Association of Building Engineers, Learn Direct, the London Housing Federation and even the College of Law.

A full range of equipment is available for use, including a slide projector, which is available for half or whole days, video and monitor, 35mm carousel slide projector with infra red remote control and screen, flip charts and accessories, laser pointers and lecterns. Other audio-visual equipment can be provided as well as access to Broadband Internet services. Details are provided on request. My business card is attached to the brochures you've been given.

Allow me to provide you with a brief introduction to our range of rooms. On this slide, you can see the main conference room. We call it the London Room. Spacious, isn't it? This room has the advantage of central movable panels, making it an ideal venue for seminars of up to 140 people or receptions for up to 200. The suite may also be used for presentations. The room may be divided into three separate rooms if required. This slide shows you the Bloomsbury Room. It is also ideally suited for seminars and lectures. There is seating for 72 people or it can be used as a reception area for up to 100. Next, we have two rooms that are very similar. Indeed, we have given them virtually identical names. We call them Holborn 1 and Holborn 2. They are both suitable for small meetings, training classes and presentations. Hol-born 1 is slightly larger, capable of hosting 20-22 people, whilst Holborn 2 holds a maximum of 18 people. The Oxford Suite measures 12 by 6 metres and provides a more spacious and luxurious environment for executive meetings and presentations. As you can see, it is particularly elegant and well furnished.

The Construction Education Centre also has an exhibition area, which is used by many clients when they hold a conference or meeting. This can be used as a way of informing delegates of your company or as a visual launch pad for your company or it's products and services. Recently, we held an exhibition entitled "Sustainable London" from Friday 9th March until Saturday 28th April. Here are a few slides showing that exhibition. The "Sustainable London" exhibition presented the challenge, the response and progress towards a sustainable 21st century city. The exhibition featured over 60 different schemes from private houses to master plans and showed how local government, architects and engineers are employing technology to reduce environmental impact and address climate change. Here, we can see an example of a display of environmentally friendly technology by some of the leading brands in the field.

I would also like to show you a few slides showing our educational activities. Here, you can see our vocational students assessing construction plans. We currently have about 1

聽力原文：Patrick must be a bundle of nerves. He is going to give his presentation this afternoon. So we'd better leave him alone.

(30)

A．Patrick's gift will be presented today.

B．Patrick's presentation is tidy.

C．Patrick will give a talk this afternoon.

D．Patrick will give him a gift.

聽力原文：Good afternoon, ladies and gentlemen. Today my presentation to the board meeting will cover the profit report of our corporation. Let us have a look at this graph, you can see that our sales topped 5 million the year before last. Then last year sales dropped to 4. 2 million, with a slight recovery at the end of the financial year. However, this year sales have continued to drop to an all-time low of 3. 8 million. Now let's look at our market share. As you can see, we have 25% of the market share, 10% down on last year…

Who is the speaker?

A．The CEO of a corporation

B．The secretary of the CEO

C．The assistant engineer

D．The HR manager

聽力原文： Presenter: Have you ever wondered where your recyclables end up after they get picked up from the curb, after you've left them at a recycling drop-off centre or when your hauler has come to empty your recycling dumpster? Well, this presentation will tell you.

The story begins when a resident places their materials out for recycling in a special bin, brings their recyclables to one of the recycling drop-off centres or when a business puts their used materials in their recycling dumpster. It is very important that residents and employees properly prepare their recyclables for collection. Improper preparation of materials, for example not removing container lids or including the wrong type of material causes contamination. Although some contamination is to be expected--and is removed during the sorting process at the processing facility--processors may not accept materials that are heavily contaminated and these will be disposed of.

After materials are put out for recycling, the recycling truck comes to pick them up. Recyclables brought to the drop-off centres should be placed in the appropriate bins. The large containers are emptied periodically or whenever they are full. Businesses and multi-family residences collect on the days decided by the property manager.

The trucks that collect recyclables from the curb and drop-off centres then drive the materials to a material recovery facility--or MRF. When the trucks arrive at the MRF, they are first weighed at the station to determine the weight of materials delivered to the facility. Next, the trucks proceed to the tipping floor where they dump their materials. Items are dumped in specific areas to facilitate the sorting process.

After the different materials are dumped on the tipping floor at the MRF, they are fed onto different conveyor belts according to the type of material. The materials then proceed up the different conveyor belts and are subject to both manual and automatic sorting. Individuals manually remove any large objects such as a lawn chair or garbage can, along with any contaminants. After the initial manual sort, the materials pass by a magnet that captures the metal cans, and then through an air sorter to separate the remaining materials. Once the materials are sorted, they are compressed into bales that are shipped to processors, who will then use these materials to create new products. Plastics can be recycled into items such as clothing, lumber, park benches, and playground equipment. Metal and glass containers are often recycled into new containers, and paper is recycled into new paper products, such as copy paper, toilet paper, napkins, and newspaper.

Remember to close the recycling loop: buy recycled both at home and at work, as this is the only way that recycling truly succeeds. Find out more about buying recycled products. Remember: if you're not buying recycled, you're not really recycling!

So, how are we doing? Let's take a brief look at our recycling rate information. All municipalities are required to maintain a minimum recycling rate of 25% of the total municipal solid waste generated annually. We are required to annually report on recycling activities and file a report with the Department of Environmental Quality--or DEQ. These reports are due to the DEQ on April 30th of each year for the preceding calendar year. Based on information received to date, last year we reported a recycling rate of 33.9%, 2.8% higher than the previous year. Paper recycling was up 36% as was the recycling of bottles and cans. Our target is a recycling rate of over 50% by 2014.

SECTION 4 Questions 31-40

Questions 31-34

Complete the notes using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap.

Lack of preparation can lead to contamination, e.g. forgetting to remove 【31】 ______ or including the 【32】 ______ of material. The 【33】 ______ at the processing facility

聽力原文：M: After you complete your presentation points, I can go over the details of the new hardware features using the prototype blender.

W: I took the hardware home last night so that I could do more graphics for the presentation. It's still there.

M: All right. It's only 10 a.m. We still have time to bring it back to the office. How long will it take you to go home?

W: Actually, I don't think I have time for that. I have a meeting right after I finish rehearsing this with you. If I give you my house keys, can you bring it back to the office?

What are the speakers preparing for?

A．A graphic design course.

B．A presentation.

C．A press conference.

D．Office renovations.

聽力原文： When you're making a presentation, your posture can affect the quality of your voice. The way you stand, you know, the position of your head, neck and shoulders and feet and so on is important. Check that you feet are parallel and apart and you weight is slightly forward on your feet. Make sure that your knees are relaxed, as if you are tense your back will suffer. Pay special attention to your head. Look straight ahead and don't push your neck out or drop it on to your chest. I had a man come to see me once as he was constantly losing his voice. It was all due to his habit of sticking his neck forward which was putting pressure on his throat. He sounded quite squeaky when he spoke. What he should have been doing was keeping his ears in line with his shoulders. Your head should feel as though it's floating on top of your body! So watch that.

Now most of us feel quite nervous before we speak in public. You'll feel better if you spend some time dealing with the tension. It's a good idea to try and think about what it is that's making you feel this way, That way you can have some control over it. Next, try and locate the area of tension in your body. Often it's your neck or your shoulders. Then concentrate on massaging these parts and consciously trying to relax them. Believe me, it works!

Let's think about what you say, now. To maximize your performance make sure you are well-prepared. Look over your notes, practise what you want to say, preferably out loud, and then, perhaps most important of all, try to feel you really want to share your subject with your audience. If you feel and share your enthusiasm with them, you're more than half way there.

Remember that how people feel about you and what you are saying to them will depend on your body language. There are three main behaviour types: Passive, Aggressive and Assertive. You can use any of these types, although I think the assertive posture is one that suits most occasions best.

The passive body type has a withdrawn posture. You may fidget a bit with your hands and hair. In fact I remember a well-known politician who whenever he was speaking would constantly massage the top of his head. So be ware of those funny little manner isms. They can become intensely irritating to an audience.

If your posture is aggressive, however, you tend to be quite rigid. You could be constantly swinging your leg or crossing your arms and clenching your fists and the audience will fell uncomfortable. Your voice will often sound harsh or sharp and your audience may then feel quite aggressive towards you and that's something you don't want if your aim is to get them to see your point of view.

That brings me to the assertive posture. Now you're standing straight, feeling comfortable and calm with your arms hanging loosely at your sides. In this position there is minimal tension and your voice is full, clear and varied. You're a delight to listen to.

Finally, a few do's and don'ts when it comes to looking after your voice, especially before giving a speech or whatever. It's a bit obvious but avoid smoky areas, and alcohol, too. Drink plenty of fluids, especially things like fruit juice or even coffee or tea and keep your throat moist while you're speaking. Also, interestingly enough, stop eating too many dairy products when you have a cold. It can make you sound worse—and also don't forget to use your lips and tongue carefully to make the words stand out clearly.

And just a final reminder. We can't always control the room we are speaking in. So, if a plane goes over, don't shout. Wait till it's gone. Don't battle with things you can't do anything about. If your throat feels uncomfortable, try not to cough violently or clear your throat. Just swallow instead. It doesn't always work but it's much better for your voice.

That's it, ladies and gentl

A．keep your knees straight

B．keep your feet apart

C．keep your head still

聽力原文：Do you know why the presentation was put off until next week?

(A) Can we meet tomorrow instead?

(B) I' ve known the president for years.

(C) The presenter called in sick.

(40)

A．

B．

C．