聽力原文： Lecturer: Welcome to this introductory lecture on the Celts. Who were the
Celts？ The Celts were an Indo-European group, that is, related linguistically
to the Greeks, the Germanic peoples, certain Italic groups and peoples of the
Indian sub-continent. They arose in central Europe at the beginning of the first
millennium B.C. and were an iron using and horse rearing peoples. By the end Q31
of the first millennium B.C. their cultural group had spread up and down the
Danube and Rhine, taking in Gaul, Ireland and Britain, across central Europe,
into northern Italy and northern Spain. Their roaming across Europe led some
of the Celtic tribes to sack Rome in 390 B.C. creating a fear of the northern
barbarians that was to haunt Romans for hundreds of years to come.
The Celts are defined archaeologically by the type-sites of Hallstat
and La Tene, the former being taken to relate to an earlier phase of cultural
development. Hallstat, an ancient salt mining area, was excavated from 1876 Q32
onwards by the Viennese Academy of Sciences and provided the first classification
of the prehistoric Celts. In 1858, the waters of Lake Neuchatel in Q33
Switzerland sunk to a low level, revealing a large prehistoric settlement with
a huge number of surviving artefacts. The nearby town of La Tene gave its
name to the second phase of Celtic cultural development. However, please
note that these phases overlap through time, and are defined according to
geographical area. Let's look at each of these, taking the Hallstadt first.
Hallstatt culture is characterised in 4 stages. A & B were during the Q34
late Bronze Age, from about 1200 to 700 BC; C was in the Early Iron Age,
from about 700-600 BC; D was from about 600 to 475 BC. The Hallstatt
culture spanned central Europe, with its centre in the area around Hallstatt in
Central Austria. There were two distinct cultural zones—the eastern and the
western. At the start of the period, long distance trade was already well established
in copper and tin—the basic requirements for manufacture of bronze. Q35
From about 700 BC, trade in iron also became established. The Hallstat area
also already controlled the trade in salt, crucial when there were few other
means to preserve food. Control of these two crucial trade goods—iron and
salt—provided the basis for the accumulation of wealth and influence. From
800 BC, some burials of rich people can be identified, in central Europe,
with grave goods such as wheeled wagons and iron swords.
Hallstatt C saw the construction of fortified hilltop settlements to the Q36
North of the Alps. These had burial mounds holding very high quality goods,
such as vehicles and expensive imported treasures. By the time of the Hallstart
D period, these increasingly extravagant burial mounds were clustered
around a few major hill forts to the southwest of the region. This suggests a
development and a concentration of wealth and social power, possibly based
on the development of Massilia (present-day Marseilles) as a Greek trading
port. The expansion of luxury trade brought greater opportunities for profit Q37
and helped to create an increasingly stratified society, with the development
of a wealthy nobility. Over the period from 1846 to 1863, a thousand graves
were found at Hallstatt, with an astonishing range of artefacts, including
clothing and salt mining equipment as well as weapons, jewellery, pottery
and imported bronze vessels in the "chieftains'" graves.
The La Tene era was the time of Celtic expansion and migration and Q38
the time of formation
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第1題
聽力原文： Speaker: Welcome to this presentation on travel opportunities within the
UK. If, like most international students, you want to take some time to travel
around the UK while you are here, there is a lot to see and explore, such as
the capital cities of London, Edinburgh, Cardiff and Belfast; other major cities, Q11
such as Birmingham and Manchester; historic cities, such as Oxford,
Cambridge, York, and Bath; famous natural sites, such as the white cliffs of
Dover in England, the Giant's Causeway in Northern Ireland, Loch Ness in
Scotland and the mountainous scenery in Wales, Scotland, and England's
Lake District and Peak District. There are also hundreds of miles of coastal
paths all around the UK, as well as hundreds of national parks, historical Q12
sites, stately homes and other attractions. Q13
There are also numerous special events and seasonal attractions that
are well worth a visit. In February, for example, look for Chinese New Year
celebrations in London and other cities with large Chinese communities. If
you are thinking of going walking in the Welsh border area, go in late May
or early June and you can also take in the Hay-on-Wye Festival of Literatrue. Q14
Travel to London on the August Bank Holiday to join in the revelry Q15
at the Notting Hill Carnival, a celebration of Caribbean culture. Or head in
the opposite direction, to Edinburgh, in August or September to experience
the superb musical and theatrical performances of the renowned Edinburgh Q16
Festival—and the cutting-edge comedy of the Fringe Festival. Then carry on
up to Braemar in early September to watch the Highland Games: displays of
Scottish Highland dancing and bagpipe-playing together with some very un-
usual and strenuous athletic events.
For further information about the wealth of sights awaiting you in the
UK, search on the Internet, especially www. visitbritain.com, or consult the
travel guides that are available in the library. Also, check with the students'
union to see whether there are any special trips being organised. There is also
a Tourist Information Centre in this city. The address is 13 Wardrock Place. Q17
Now, a few words about getting around. Because the UK is relatively
compact, the national railway network, national coach network and local bus
services link most locations. In addition to the usual range of ticket options, a
variety of special travel passes are available. These can be economical if you
want to do quite a lot of travel within a limited time period—for example,
unlimited coach travel in Wales over an eight-day period. For further information,
see the websites and contact details given on page 5 of the notes you Q18
received as you came in. A word of advice: hitchhiking is legal in the UK, Q19
but it is a risky way to travel and we recommend you avoid it. If you must
hitchhike, then never hitchhike alone—take a friend with you. As a precaution,
leave details of your destination and itinerary with a friend or someone
at your institution.
Now, let's turn to travel accommodation. The following are all fairly
inexpensive places to stay when you are travelling around the UK. First,
there are youth hostels. They are good value for money, although the facilities
can be fairly basic and you usually have to share a room with several
other people. Second, it's worth bearing in mind that university and college
halls of residence rooms are often available to tourists
第2題
聽力原文： Presenter: Welcome to this presentation on scholarships and funding. If you are hoping for help with funding your studies in the UK, you need to get working on this as soon as you can—it is almost impossible to make arrangements for financial support once you have left your own country. Start by enquiring with your own Ministry of Education or Department of Education. Your local British Council office can provide details of awards available including those offered by UK institutions themselves. You'll also find information and a scholarships database on their website. The main scholarship schemes available for international students include British Education Scholarships, Commonwealth Scholarships, Foreign Office Scholarships and Overseas Students Research Awards.
British Education Scholarships are prestigious awards enabling talented
international students to study in the UK at postgraduate level. Only students Q31
studying for at least one academic year are eligible. About 2000 new
scholarships are currently awarded each year and there are plans to expand
the programme further. There are three types of scholarship. The first is a full
award, where all the fees, a living allowance and travel to and from the UK
are paid for. Then there is a fees-only award, where all or part of the fees are Q32
paid. Finally, there is a partial award, where a combination of the fees and
the allowances are paid. The value of the scholarship will vary, depending
on the type of award, the length of the course and the country from which
the student comes, but it is up to a maximum of ￡20000. Contact the British Q33
Council or the British Embassy in your own country for details. You must be
resident in your home country when you apply.
Commonwealth Scholarships are awards mainly for postgraduate study,
although funding for undergraduate study may be possible if there are no
suitable undergraduate courses in your home country. You must be a citizen
of a Commonwealth country, including the UK. A university degree, or
equivalent, is usually required. Apply to the British Council office in your Q34
country. You must be resident in your own country when you apply. About
3000 of these scholarships are awarded each year and their value ranges from
￡5000 to ￡15000. Q35
Foreign Office Scholarships are a joint initiative by the Foreign Office
and certain UK higher education institutions. The awards are normally given
for taught postgraduate courses. In rare cases, an award may be made for Q36
undergraduate study if the course is not available at an institution in your
home country. They are funded by the Foreign Office and participating UK
higher education institutions. You must normally be under 35 of age. You
must be resident in a developing country, and you must not be currently
employed by your government or by an international organisation. You Q37
should be planning to study a subject related to development and be fluent Q38
in English. Apply directly to one of the participating institutions. You can
ask for a list of participating institutions from the British Embassy in your
country or your local British Council office. Only about 500 of these awards
are made each year and their value ranges from ￡7000 to ￡12000.
Overseas Students Research Awards are awards for full-time
postgraduate study, for a period of one year. They make up the difference
between home and overseas students' fees. They are funded by the Ministry Q39
of Education. You mus
第3題
(14)
第4題
M: Yeah, I've heard of it. I went there myself yesterday. It has almost the best equipments in the town, and I am going to start an exercise class after work.
Q: What are they talking about?
(16)
A．A new fitness club.
B．Doing exercise to keep fit.
C．After-work activities.
D．Weekend plans.
第5題
British Education Scholarships are prestigious awards enabling talented
international students to study in the UK at postgraduate level. Only students Q31
studying for at least one academic year are eligible. About 2000 new
scholarships are currently awarded each year and there are plans to expand
the programme further. There are three types of scholarship. The first is a full
award, where all the fees, a living allowance and travel to and from the UK
are paid for. Then there is a fees-only award, where all or part of the fees are Q32
paid. Finally, there is a partial award, where a combination of the fees and
the allowances are paid. The value of the scholarship will vary, depending
on the type of award, the length of the course and the country from which
the student comes, but it is up to a maximum of ￡20000. Contact the British Q33
Council or the British Embassy in your own country for details. You must be
resident in your home country when you apply.
Commonwealth Scholarships are awards mainly for postgraduate study,
although funding for undergraduate study may be possible if there are no
suitable undergraduate courses in your home country. You must be a citizen
of a Commonwealth country, including the UK. A university degree, or
equivalent, is usually required. Apply to the British Council office in your Q34
country. You must be resident in your own country when you apply. About
3000 of these scholarships are awarded each year and their value ranges from
￡5000 to ￡15000. Q35
Foreign Office Scholarships are a joint initiative by the Foreign Office
and certain UK higher education institutions. The awards are normally given
for taught postgraduate courses. In rare cases, an award may be made for Q36
undergraduate study if the course is not available at an institution in your
home country. They are funded by the Foreign Office and participating UK
higher education institutions. You must normally be under 35 of age. You
must be resident in a developing country, and you must not be currently
employed by your government or by an international organisation. You Q37
should be planning to study a subject related to development and be fluent Q38
in English. Apply directly to one of the participating institutions. You can
ask for a list of participating institutions from the British Embassy in your
country or your local British Council office. Only about 500 of these awards
are made each year and their value ranges from ￡7000 to ￡12000.
Overseas Students Research Awards are awards for full-time
postgraduate study, for a period of one year. They make up the difference
between home and overseas students' fees. They are funded by the Ministry Q39
of Education. You mus
第6題
聽力原文
W: Good evening, and welcome to this week’s “Business World,” the program for and about
businesspeople. Tonight we have Mr. Steven Kane who has just taken over an established
bicycle shop. Tell us, Mr. Kane, what made you want to run your own store? M: Well, I’ve
always loved racing bikes and fixing them. When I was working full-time as a salesman for a
big company, I seldom had time to enjoy my hobby. I knew then that as soon as I had enough
money to get my own business going, I’d do it. I had my heart set on it, and I didn’t let
anything stand in my way. When I went down to the bank and got a business loan, I knew I’d
love being my own boss. Now my time is my own. I open the store when I want and leave when
I want. W: You mean you don’t keep regular hours? M:Well, the sign on my store says the
hours are 10:00 to 6:00, but if business is slower than usual, I can just lock up and take
off early. W: Have you hired any employees to work with you yet? M: Yeah, a couple of
friends of mine who love biking as much as I do. They help me out a few days a week. It’s
great because … we play cards or just sit around and talk when there’re no customers. W:
Thank you, Mr. Kane. We wish you success in your new business.
Questions 13 to 16 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
13. What is the woman doing?
A.Having her bicycle repaired.
B.Hosting an evening TV program.
C.Lecturing on business management.
D.Conducting a market survey.
第7題
W: Who needs a car? We can take the subway if we go a little earlier.
Q: What does the woman suggest?
(2)
A．They don't have to go to the concert.
B．His brother will let them use the car.
C．The sub Way is fine with her.
D．They'll have to rent a car as early as possible.
第8題
&8226;You will hear another five recordings.
&8226;For each recording, decide who is speaking.
&8226;Write one letter (A--H) next to the number of the recording.
&8226;Do not use any letter more than once.
&8226;You will hear the five recordings twice.
A an electrician
B a waiter
C a bank clerk
D a typist
E a taxi driver
F a postman
G a babysitter
H a bookbinder
第9題
On the other hand, you may be an only child because your parents planned for only one and stuck to their plan. Your parents may give you a very strict and well-structured education to make you "a little adult". Many only children grow up feeling unhappy because they always had to be such "little adults".
Who are likely to treat their only children as "special jewels"?
A．Those who are themselves spoiled and self-centered.
B．Those who expected to have several children but could only have one.
C．Those who like to give expensive jewels to their children.
D．Those who give birth to their only children when they are below 30.
第10題
We are currently receiving ideas from every department on new items for this fall, but regrettably, none of them have proved to be satisfactory. However, we still recommend that people contribute any views to us, and anyone whose idea is chosen will be rewarded with a bonus. We sense that other companies are experiencing the same kind of problem we have, and I personally think we have to take advantage of this opportunity to dominate the market.
How will the company overcome the decline in sales?
A．Develop new items to sell.
B．Advertise the items more aggressively.
C．Downsize the company.
D．Use ideas from consumers.
