聽力原文： Presenter: Welcome to this presentation on scholarships and funding. If you are hoping for help with funding your studies in the UK, you need to get working on this as soon as you can—it is almost impossible to make arrangements for financial support once you have left your own country. Start by enquiring with your own Ministry of Education or Department of Education. Your local British Council office can provide details of awards available including those offered by UK institutions themselves. You'll also find information and a scholarships database on their website. The main scholarship schemes available for international students include British Education Scholarships, Commonwealth Scholarships, Foreign Office Scholarships and Overseas Students Research Awards.

British Education Scholarships are prestigious awards enabling talented

international students to study in the UK at postgraduate level. Only students Q31

studying for at least one academic year are eligible. About 2000 new

scholarships are currently awarded each year and there are plans to expand

the programme further. There are three types of scholarship. The first is a full

award, where all the fees, a living allowance and travel to and from the UK

are paid for. Then there is a fees-only award, where all or part of the fees are Q32

paid. Finally, there is a partial award, where a combination of the fees and

the allowances are paid. The value of the scholarship will vary, depending

on the type of award, the length of the course and the country from which

the student comes, but it is up to a maximum of ￡20000. Contact the British Q33

Council or the British Embassy in your own country for details. You must be

resident in your home country when you apply.

Commonwealth Scholarships are awards mainly for postgraduate study,

although funding for undergraduate study may be possible if there are no

suitable undergraduate courses in your home country. You must be a citizen

of a Commonwealth country, including the UK. A university degree, or

equivalent, is usually required. Apply to the British Council office in your Q34

country. You must be resident in your own country when you apply. About

3000 of these scholarships are awarded each year and their value ranges from

￡5000 to ￡15000. Q35

Foreign Office Scholarships are a joint initiative by the Foreign Office

and certain UK higher education institutions. The awards are normally given

for taught postgraduate courses. In rare cases, an award may be made for Q36

undergraduate study if the course is not available at an institution in your

home country. They are funded by the Foreign Office and participating UK

higher education institutions. You must normally be under 35 of age. You

must be resident in a developing country, and you must not be currently

employed by your government or by an international organisation. You Q37

should be planning to study a subject related to development and be fluent Q38

in English. Apply directly to one of the participating institutions. You can

ask for a list of participating institutions from the British Embassy in your

country or your local British Council office. Only about 500 of these awards

are made each year and their value ranges from ￡7000 to ￡12000.

Overseas Students Research Awards are awards for full-time

postgraduate study, for a period of one year. They make up the difference

between home and overseas students' fees. They are funded by the Ministry Q39

of Education. You mus

聽力原文： Speaker: Well, now that you have all finished your exams and are waiting eagerly—well, perhaps not too eagerly—for the results, it's time for this presentation on "Reverse Culture Shock". Yes, just when you thought you had got over your culture shock in the UK, you arrive home and find yourself going through it all over again! In fact, moving back to your home environment after being away can be more of a culture shock than the UK was. You expect your home to be thoroughly familiar to you, but instead you may find you experience it differently. You will probably re-evaluate your own culture in terms of what you have experienced here.

Here are some of the surprising differences you may notice when you

return home. First, your friends and family may not shareyour new attitudes. Q31

Second, you may have less privacy and independence than you had as a student. Q32

Third, people may be less interested in hearing about your experiences

abroad than you would like. To them, your life in the UK may seem remote

and rather irrelevant. Fourth, other people may be intimidated by your impressive

qualifications, or may envy you your opportunities. Lastly, you may

feel pressure from your family to be successful in your career, and to show Q33

your gratitude for the investment they have made in you.

At work, you may find routines more rigid and disciplined than you have expected, especially after the freedom of being a student. People at work may resist the new ideas and practices you have learned. Your suggestions may seem like major innovations in your home country. There may be changes in your group of family and friends—people may have married and had children, some may have moved away, and new people may have moved into your circle.

The important point to remember is that, just as initial culture shock

is an entirely normal reaction, so is "reverse culture shock". You may go

through the following phases. One. Excitement about going home. Two. Rapidly

changing emotions as you cope with changes and find out how different Q34

reality is from your expectations. Three. Gradual re-acceptance of your home Q35

culture. Finally, a broader perspective in which you can appreciate the value Q36

and limitations of both the cultures you now know.

Here are five ways to reduce reverse culture shock. One. While you are

in the UK, keep in touch with friends and family back home, and with other Q37

people from your own country who are in the UK. Two. Read newspapers

and magazines from your home country so that you know about important

news and developments. Three. Before you leave, get the addresses of the Q38

friends you have made in the UK so you can keep in touch. Four. When you

get home, give yourself time to readjust to life there—and give your friends

and family time to readjust to the new you. The longer you have been away,

the more both you and your home environment will have changed. Five. Stay

in contact with anyone who lives near you and has also studied abroad—

sharing experiences will help a great deal. You can contact your institution's

alumni association and ask them to put you in touch with any former students

who live in your area.

You will recover from reverse culture shock in time, and settle back

into life in your home country. But that does not mean you should sever your

connections with the UK. Your experience here will have provided you with

a network of valuable social, academic and business contacts that you can Q39

carry through the rest of your life. And you will probably—hopefully—find

that you have developed a lasting fondness for the UK and its culture. There

are a number

聽力原文： Good afternoon and thank you for your warm welcome. This will be the first talk in a series of five on Health interventions—protection and prevention. Could I start by asking for a show of hands—how many of you had a flu vaccination at the beginning of winter? Mum...I thought so. You young ones always think you're indestructible.

Well, as you are no doubt aware disease-spreading germs or pathogens are everywhere. On a daily basis the human body has to ward off attacks by various harmful bacteria and viruses. A healthy body has a good defence system against many of these germs but the defence only operates well against micro-organisms that it has already encountered, in which case it is said to be immune. There are two ways in which humans acquire natural immunity: actively, when a person has first suffered and then recovered from an illness, and passively, when ready-made protection is transferred into the body, for example, from the maternal blood via the umbilical cord to an unborn child, or through breast milk.

Now, artificially acquired immunity can help the body to fight disease so we can use active immunization as a preventative measure. This is when a person is vaccinated against an illness by injection or oral ingestion of a tiny amount of weakened or inactive germs—not enough to actually cause him or her to contract the illness but sufficient for the body's defence system to recognize and respond to the threat by forming antibodies.

Intervention using passive immunization, on the other hand, is a method of curing an illness after it is too late for prevention. It is less effective than active immunization and takes longer to work. It is used when the body has already been invaded by bacteria and the person is ill. In this case there is no time for the body to make antibodies of its own so proteins—usually taken from the blood of animals—are injected to equip the patient with the essential antibodies to combat the particular illness.

Let's have a quick look at a bit of history: The discovery of vaccination to boost the body's immune system by making it sensitive to particular disease-causing bacteria was made by an eighteenth-century English doctor called Edward Jeanne. He noticed that survivors of smallpox, a common but extremely dangerous disease, never contracted the disease a second time. In other words, they were immune. He studied a similar disease in cows called cowpox and realized that people in contact with the infected cows became ill with symptoms resembling smallpox. However, this disease was quite mild by comparison and those who contracted cowpox were then immune to smallpox. He conducted an experiment by injecting a child with a small amount of pus taken from a cowpox pustule. The child subsequently became ill but soon recovered. Later, he injected the child with pus from a smallpox pustule and the child did not get sick. He had developed immunity to the more dangerous disease. Then antibodies produced to fight the cowpox bacteria had been able to fight off the smallpox bacteria.

What are antibodies? Well, antibodies are made by white blood cells called B-lymphocytes. And this is done in response to the presence of antigens, or other bacterial toxins, which have been released by the micro-organisms (what we commonly refer to as' germs' ) that have invaded the body. These Y-shaped antibodies ( or you can think of them as ' antitoxins' ) may stop the toxins or repair the damage they have done by what is known as the antigen-antibody reaction which takes place within the plasma of the blood. A correct antibody (for that disease) clings to a particular antigen in order to render it harmless. Large numbers of these pairs clump together to form. a bigger unit. This is called agglutination and is able to be seen by the naked eye which is very helpful for doctors and other specialists to determine which illnesses a patient is immune to.

Inoculation, or active vaccination, can protect people from serious diseases. The vaccine may make a person feel unwell for a few days when the immune system starts to produce antibodies to match the introduced antigen. This is called a primary reaction. If that particular antigen should ever enter the body again later, a secondary reaction takes place. The body is then able to produce large numbers of corresponding antibodies within a short time so the invading antigens are quickly wiped out without the person suffering any harm from the disease.

Complete the summary below.

Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer.

Every day the human body is fighting off (31) by destructive pathogens. A person in good health has natural protection in the form. of an immune system which works best against familiar microorganisms which may have been encountered during a previous (32) or passed on by the mother before or after birth.

Vaccination is a way to cause (33) immunisation by introducing a small amount of pathogen into the body—just enough for the body's (34) to react by making antibodies. Passive immunization can be used as a way of treating someone who is already sick. Proteins from animal (35) are introduced into the patient to give him the necessary antibodies to fight the disease.

Dr. Edward Jennet observed that people who had suffered and recovered from a serious disease called smallpox did not get it again. He also noted that victims of a milder disease, cowpox, which they caught from (36) , were immune to smallpox. He carried out a successful (37) by deliberately giving a child cowpox in order to make him immune to smallpox.

(31)

聽力原文：M: Say, Rason, what are you watching? W: An old Japanese film. I wonder if Im going to spend all my next year there, Id better start familiarizing myself with the culture. M: You mean you are accepted into the programme? W: Yes. M: Thats wonderful. You must be excited. W: Excited and nervous. You know I owe a lot to Professor Mercheno. He wrote a letter of recommendation for me and he bought me a set of practise tapes and a book which goes with them. Just so I can work on my basic conversation skills. M: How much Japanese can you understand? W: Not a lot at present. But I signed up for intensive Japanese this semester. M: I wish I were as talented as you are in foreign languages. Id like to study abroad. W: Then why dont you? The university has lots of overseas programmes that dont require any mastery of a foreign language. The tuition is about the same. You just have to be the kind of person who is receptive to new ways of looking at things and willing to adjust to a different kind of life style. M: I had assumed that all programmes require you to know a foreign language. I might check into this. W: You wont regret it. Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 9. Why is the woman so excited? 10. Why does the woman feel grateful to Professor Mercheno? 11. What is required for the man to study abroad, according to the woman?9．

A．He told her abot an interesting movie.

B．He recorded some tapes especially for her.

C．He helped her get into the programme.

D．He gave her a good grade in her Japanese class.

聽力原文： Are you looking for the perfect person for your annual corporate event? We can provide you with whatever suits the occasion from knowledgeable ex pert to glamorous celebrity. As you know, it's what they say and how they say it. We can advise on and deliver unforgettable presentations or spellbinding storytelling. Call us.

(14)

聽力原文：F: Hello. Thank you for calling the HDC recruitment line. Here are details of our current job vacancies. First of all, we are looking for a manufacturing supervisor to join a team led by the Manufacturing Manager. This role involves monitoring all aspects of the production process, and will include some project work. For this position you should have some relevant experience and a recognised qualification in business administration would be an advantage. You need to be a good organiser, with excellent administrative skills. A high level of computer skills is essential. You must be able to work without supervision, and must be flexible when working with others, as the position supports other managers. You should be able to work to tight deadlines. The hours are 9 to 5, Monday to Friday. The salary will be negotiable. In addition we offer a benefits package including subsidised lunches, 23 days' holiday and health insurance.

?Look at the notes below.

?You will hear a recorded message about a job vacancy.

Position: Manufacturing Supervisor

Responsible to: (9) ______

Candidates Should preferably be qualified in (10) ______

The person app0inted Will need to be (11) ______ in their relations with other people.

salary: (12) ______

聽力原文： Speaker: Welcome to this presentation on travel opportunities within the

UK. If, like most international students, you want to take some time to travel

around the UK while you are here, there is a lot to see and explore, such as

the capital cities of London, Edinburgh, Cardiff and Belfast; other major cities, Q11

such as Birmingham and Manchester; historic cities, such as Oxford,

Cambridge, York, and Bath; famous natural sites, such as the white cliffs of

Dover in England, the Giant's Causeway in Northern Ireland, Loch Ness in

Scotland and the mountainous scenery in Wales, Scotland, and England's

Lake District and Peak District. There are also hundreds of miles of coastal

paths all around the UK, as well as hundreds of national parks, historical Q12

sites, stately homes and other attractions. Q13

There are also numerous special events and seasonal attractions that

are well worth a visit. In February, for example, look for Chinese New Year

celebrations in London and other cities with large Chinese communities. If

you are thinking of going walking in the Welsh border area, go in late May

or early June and you can also take in the Hay-on-Wye Festival of Literatrue. Q14

Travel to London on the August Bank Holiday to join in the revelry Q15

at the Notting Hill Carnival, a celebration of Caribbean culture. Or head in

the opposite direction, to Edinburgh, in August or September to experience

the superb musical and theatrical performances of the renowned Edinburgh Q16

Festival—and the cutting-edge comedy of the Fringe Festival. Then carry on

up to Braemar in early September to watch the Highland Games: displays of

Scottish Highland dancing and bagpipe-playing together with some very un-

usual and strenuous athletic events.

For further information about the wealth of sights awaiting you in the

UK, search on the Internet, especially www. visitbritain.com, or consult the

travel guides that are available in the library. Also, check with the students'

union to see whether there are any special trips being organised. There is also

a Tourist Information Centre in this city. The address is 13 Wardrock Place. Q17

Now, a few words about getting around. Because the UK is relatively

compact, the national railway network, national coach network and local bus

services link most locations. In addition to the usual range of ticket options, a

variety of special travel passes are available. These can be economical if you

want to do quite a lot of travel within a limited time period—for example,

unlimited coach travel in Wales over an eight-day period. For further information,

see the websites and contact details given on page 5 of the notes you Q18

received as you came in. A word of advice: hitchhiking is legal in the UK, Q19

but it is a risky way to travel and we recommend you avoid it. If you must

hitchhike, then never hitchhike alone—take a friend with you. As a precaution,

leave details of your destination and itinerary with a friend or someone

at your institution.

Now, let's turn to travel accommodation. The following are all fairly

inexpensive places to stay when you are travelling around the UK. First,

there are youth hostels. They are good value for money, although the facilities

can be fairly basic and you usually have to share a room with several

other people. Second, it's worth bearing in mind that university and college

halls of residence rooms are often available to tourists

M: Yes, I've lived here in Edinburgh all my life. My name's Rory McDonald. How do you do？

W: Hi, I'm Chris Hudson from Phoenix, Arizona. I'm an oil engineer. I'm on my way to London on business.

M: How long are you staying in Edinburgh？

W: Just a day. What can I see here in twenty-four hours？

M: Well, most tourists want to visit the Castle. It's on Castle Rock. It's where the Scottish government used to be. From there you can walk down the Royal Mile.

W: What's the Royal Mile？

M: It's a narrow street of medieval houses. It's worth seeing. Then you really should visit Holyrood Palace.

W: Who lives in the Palace？

M: No one, except the Queen when she comes to Edinburgh, which is usually once a year. But the kings and queens of Scotland used to live there be fore Scotland was united with England.

W: When was that？

M: That was...er, let me see 2. in 1603.

W: You seem to know a lot about Scottish history.

M: Aye, well, I'm a McDonald of the McDonald clan. You know there are clans in Scotland, and we're all proud of our history.

W: I'd like to buy something as a souvenir of the trip. What should I buy？

M: Why don't you buy some sweaters？ Scottish sweaters are famous for their quality. And you must buy some whiskey. Of course you know that's our national drink.

W: Yes, I've already bought the whiskey.

M: Good. But remember you mustn't put ice in it. That spoils the flavor!

W: Oh, we Americans put ice in everything!

(23)

A．She comes to visit this famous town.

B．She comes to visit her friend.

C．She comes to Edinburgh on business.

D．She is on her way to London on business.

聽力原文：W: What kind of account do you want to open M: A regular savings account.Q: Where聽力原文：W: What kind of account do you want to open M: A regular savings account. Q: Where did this conversation probably take place （）

A．At a doctor’s．

B．At a store

C．At a library．

D．At a bank．

A: Goog Bye! B: ( )

A.How are you?

B.Good Bye!

C.Welcome!